rino gaetano - gianna
Ciao cari! Today's Italian through music is going to give you some nice examples of the imperfetto. Remember, this is the tense you use to describe past actions that occurred repeatedly over time, the equivalent of "used to + verb" in English. For example, "When me and my brother were small we used to play road hockey and shovel the snow and drink hot chocolate." In this sentence you're not referring to a single specific instance of playing road hockey that began and ended at a particular time. You're speaking in more general terms, saying that it was something that occurred fairly regularly and habitually and repeatedly over time throughout your childhood. Sometimes in English we also use "would" to convey this tense. "My mom would call us in for supper but we wouldn't hear."
So that's one use of the imperfetto in Italian, actions repeated over time. It's also used to describe two simultaneous actions. For example, "While he had an espresso, Gianni read the paper." (Mentre prendeva un caffè, leggeva il giornale.) And it's used to describe an action that was ongoing in the background when another event began and ended over top of it. "Mario was reading the paper when someone knocked on the door." (Mario leggeva il giornale quando qualcuno ha bussato.)
To form the imperfetto, you take the dictionary form of the verb (parlare), lop off the ending (in this case -are) so you get just the stem (parl-) then add -avo, -avi, -ava, -avamo, -avate or -avano depending on who's doing the verb (whether it's io, tu, lui/lei, noi, voi or loro).
If it's an -ere verb (like credere or vedere), the endings are -evo, -evi, -eva, -evamo, -evate, -evano.
And for -ire verbs (like finire or partire) it's -ivo, -ivi, -iva, -ivamo, -ivate, -ivano.
Remember, this section of the site just gives quick grammar recaps. For the full lesson, do a search on the topic in the search box top left.
This song also gives you some great "confrontational interrogatives." These aren't actual questions in the sense of "requests for info," but things you would say to someone to express disfavour or challenge them on some comment or behaviour of theirs.
Ma dove vai? (Where are you going?)
Che fai? (What are you doing?)
Con chi ce l'hai? (Who do you have a problem with?)
Ma che vuoi? (What do you want?)
Dove sei? Dove stai? (Where are you?)
You'll also see, "Vieni qua" (come here) and, "Fatti sempre i fatti tuoi!" (Always mind your own business!).
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